Details are presented of the development and incorporation of a generation and\ntransmission reliability approach in an upper-level sustainability assessment framework for power\nsystem planning. This application represents a quasi-stationary, multiobjective optimization problem\nwith nonlinear constraints, load uncertainties, stochastic effects for renewable energy producers, and\nthe propagation of uncertainties along the transmission lines. The Expected Energy Not Supplied\n(EENS) accounts for generation and transmission reliability and is based on a probabilistic as opposed\nto deterministic approach. The optimization is developed for three scenarios. The first excludes\nuncertainties in the load demand, while the second includes them. The third scenario accounts\nnot only for these uncertainties, but also for the stochastic effects related to wind and photovoltaic\nproducers. The sustainability-reliability approach is applied to the standard IEEE Reliability Test\nSystem. Results show that using a Mixture of Normals Approximation (MONA) for the EENS\nformulation makes the reliability analysis simpler, as well as possible within a large-scale optimization.\nIn addition, results show that the inclusion of renewable energy producers has some positive impact\non the optimal synthesis/design of power networks under sustainability considerations. Also shown\nis the negative impact of renewable energy producers on the reliability of the power network.
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