Introduction Car-to-X Communications are envisioned to improve\nroad safety, traffic efficiency, and information services\nthrough short-range and real-time systems. The enabling applications\nhave varied requirements such as low latency, specific\nforwarding patterns, and reliable data exchange between\nvehicles and infrastructure. Hence, a cross-layer architecture\nfor vehicular applications should be defined according to the\ngoals of the implementation, so as to consider proper routing\nand dissemination mechanisms, communication protocols,\nand the application�s design and operation.\nMethods In this context, we propose the characterization of\nthe upper layers of a safety-oriented Car-to-Car application.\nWe propose a cross-layer application/network layer design for\na Post Collision Notification (PCN) application, and by means\nof a coupled simulation model that combines the\ncommunication network with vehicular traffic flow, we assess\nthe performance of the application design.\nResults Three main results can be derived from our work.\nFirst, the selected geocast protocol (DRG) shows to be an\naccurate protocol for safety applications and it may be a scalable\nrouting mechanism for other applications. Second, that\nDRG is effective even for larger urban areas. And third, there\nis a reduction of acceleration and speed of the closest vehicles\nto the incident zone, which is a positive impact of the PCN\napplication on the traffic flow.\nConclusions Consequently, the proposed cross-layer architecture\nand the implementation of geocast routing has shown a suitable\nsupport and good performance for safety applications, and could\nbe extended to other application on the Car-to-X domain.
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