Background: Several accomplishments have been achieved in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) research over\nthe last year. The phase III IMpassion130 trial comparing chemotherapy plus atezolizumab versus chemotherapy\nplus placebo brought breast cancer into the immunotherapy era. Nevertheless, despite encouraging results being\nobtained in this trial, many open questions remain.\nMain body: A positive overall survival outcome was achieved only in PD-L1+ TNBC patients, suggesting a need to enrich\nthe patient population more likely to benefit from an immunotherapeutic approach. Moreover, it remains unknown\nwhether single-agent immunotherapy might be a good option for some patients. In this context, the discovery and\nimplementation of novel and appropriate biomarkers are required. Focusing on the early onset of TNBC, neoadjuvant\ntrials could represent excellent in vivo platforms to test immunotherapy agents and their potential combinations, allowing\nthe performance of translational studies for biomarker implementation and improved patient selection.\nConclusion: The aim of our review is to present recent advances in TNBC treatment and to discuss open issues in order\nto better define potential future directions for immunotherapy in TNBC.
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