Background: Temporary pacemaker wires are placed in the majority of patients after cardiac surgery. There is no\ninformation on mechanical factors related to wire removal.\nMethods: Clinical information related to temporary wire use and removal was prospectively collected from a large\ncardiac surgical unit over one year. Measurements of maximal tension that nurses and doctors would apply to\nremove temporary wires was determined using a hand-held portable scale. In a prospective trial, patients (n = 41)\nhad their wires extracted in series to the portable scale to determine the maximal tension required for safe removal.\nResults: Ventricular wires were placed in 86.5 % of patients during the observed year. Pacing facilitated weaning\nfrom CPB in over 15 % of patients and pacer dependence was seen in 2.1 %. No patients suffered major\ncomplications after wire removal. There was no difference in the tension that physicians or nurses would apply to\ncomfortably extract temporary wires. In the prospective trial, there was no difference in the tension required for\nremoval of atrial or ventricular wires (atrial 18.3 �± 17.9 oz versus 14.5 �± 14.2 oz, p = 0.430). There were no patient\nfactors that correlated with the degree of resistance and there was no significant difference between the tension\nrequired to remove wires with (21.0 �± 22.5 oz) or without (14.1 �± 5.1 oz) an atrial button.\nConclusions: Temporary epicardial wire removal is innocuous and was not associated with any complications. In\nsome patients tension required for safe removal exceeded 20 ounces. Strategies to standardize wire removal may\nprevent complications and may minimize unnecessary wire retention.
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