Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been used since Ancient Roman times to colour glass intense shade of yellow, red or mauve, depending on the concentration of gold and in Hindu Chemistry, for various potions. Gold nano particles appear deep red to black in solution colour depends on size of nanopaticles. It exists in the form of colloidal as well as soluble particles. Due to its extremely small size, they are more readily taken up by the human body. Nanogold are able to cross the biological membranes and access cells, tissues and organs that larger size particles are normally cannot. Gold nanoparticles are produced mainly three techniques employing chloroauric acid (H[AuCl4]); a) Turkevich method, b) Brust method and c) Sonolysis. The most common characterization technique of AuNPs is high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), which gives a photograph of the gold core of the AuNPs, but the core dimensions can also be determined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS),a laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), and X-ray diffraction. Review suggests its possible biomedical application in cancer and Alzheimer�s disease as both diagnostic kit and in treatment. Scattering property of nano gold particle have made them an ideal tool in the field of analysis. In future much of the research will be diverted to its possible application in the sectors like cosmetic formulations, bacterial detection, florescence assay, alternative to ayurvedic medicine and biosensors.
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