: Glaucoma is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder of the eye. However, the mechanism leading to the disease is still unclear. Increased intraocular pressure and subsequent retinal ganglion cell death leading to the loss of visual field characterizes the pathology of primary open angle glaucoma, which is the most common form. Possible factors leading to glaucoma include glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, nitric oxide based damage, disruption of neurotrophic factor transport and immune-induced neurodestruction. Glaucoma is a common eye disease that is usually associated with an elevated intraocular pressure. Treatment options for patients with glaucoma include medications, laser therapy, and incisional surgery. The risks and benefits of each type of treatment must be carefully considered to maximize the treatment’s benefits while minimizing adverse effects.
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