Peptic ulcer disease is a common disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. When complications occur, peptic ulcer disease can have a major impact on quality of life and on the utilisation of the health system. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pertinent literature published in the present era regarding ulcerogenic effectors, and all available therapeutic concepts in this regard including; different Pathophysiological responses to H. pylori infection, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID�s), bile acids, nitric oxide, copper complexes, acid pump inhibitors, histamine blockers, curcuminoids, cytokines and/or growth factors , recent models used in the study of the peptic ulcer and also summarize the various aggressive and defensive factors responsible for the peptic ulcer .
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