Cardiac biomarkers play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis of myocardial necrosis and for assessing risk and directing appropriate therapy that improves clinical outcome. The use of biomarkers in basic and clinical research as well as in clinical practice has become so common. The earliest biomarkers such as alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase have fallen out of use with the development of more sensitive and specific cardiac biomarkers like creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cardiac troponin. Myoglobin must be considered a biomarker that may lack sensitivity for the diagnosis of MI but appears to have value for risk stratification. The major classes of biomarkers are biomarkers of necrosis, biomarkers of inflammation and biomarkers of hemodynamic stress. The discovery of novel and tissue-specific cardiac biomarkers is important to early detect and prevent cardiac damage.
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