Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a pivotal technique in molecular biology that allows for the rapid and specific amplification of DNA sequences. Since its development by Kary Mullis in 1983, PCR has become an indispensable tool in research, diagnostics, forensics and biotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of PCR, elaborates on the various types and modifications of PCR and discusses the vast array of applications across scientific disciplines. The article also delves into the technical challenges associated with PCR, the advancements that have emerged to address these challenges and the future directions of PCR-based technologies.
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