In order to accurately model the hysteresis and dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric stack actuators (PSAs), consider that a linear\nforce and a hysteresis force will be generated by piezoelectric wafers under the voltage applied to a PSA, and the total force suffering\nfrom creep will result in the forced vibration of the two-degree-of-freedommass-spring-damper system composed of the equivalent\nmass, stiffness, and damping of the piezoelectric wafers and the bonding layers. A modified comprehensive model for PSAs is\nput forward by using a linear function, an asymmetrical Bouc-Wen hysteresis operator, and a creep function to model the linear\nforce, the hysteresis force, and the creep characteristics, respectively. In this way, the effect of the bonding layers on the hysteresis\nand dynamic characteristics of PSAs can be analyzed via the modified comprehensive model.The experimental results show that\nthe modified comprehensive model for PSAs with the corresponding parameter identification method can accurately portray the\nhysteresis and dynamic characteristics of PSAs fabricated by different layering/stacking processes. Finally, the theoretical analyzing\non utilizing the modified comprehensive model to linearize the hysteresis characteristics and design the dynamic characteristics of\nPSAs is given.
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