Research on mixed matrix membranes in which nanoparticles are used to enhance the membrane�s performance in terms of flux,\r\nseparation, and fouling resistance has boomed in the last years. This review probes on the specific features and benefits of one\r\nspecific type of nanoparticles with a well-defined cylindrical structure, known as nanotubes. Nanotube structures for potential use\r\nin membranes are reviewed. These comprise mainly single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes\r\n(MWCNTs), but also other structures and materials, which are less studied for membrane applications, can be used. Important\r\nissues related to polymer-nanotube interactions such as dispersion and alignment are outlined, and a categorization is made of the\r\nresultant membranes. Applications are reviewed in four different areas, that is, gas separation, water filtration, drug delivery, and\r\nfuel cells.
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