Neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth were examined on graphene-based biomimetic substrates. The biocompatibility of\r\ncarbon nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), that is, single-walled and multiwalled CNTs, against\r\npheochromocytoma-derived PC-12 neural cells was also evaluated by quantifying metabolic activity (with WST-8 assay),\r\nintracellular oxidative stress (with ROS assay), and membrane integrity (with LDH assay). Graphene films were grown by using\r\nchemical vapor deposition and were then coated onto glass coverslips by using the scooping method. Graphene sheets were\r\npatterned on SiO2/Si substrates by using photolithography and were then covered with serum for a neural cell culture. Both types\r\nof CNTs induced significant dose-dependent decreases in the viability of PC-12 cells, whereas graphene exerted adverse effects\r\non the neural cells just at over 62.5 ppm. This result implies that graphene and CNTs, even though they were the same carbonbased\r\nnanomaterials, show differential influences on neural cells. Furthermore, graphene-coated or graphene-patterned substrates\r\nwere shown to substantially enhance the adhesion and neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells. These results suggest that graphene-based\r\nsubstrates as biomimetic cues have good biocompatibility as well as a unique surface property that can enhance the neural cells,\r\nwhich would open up enormous opportunities in neural regeneration and nanomedicine.
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