In recent years, increasing concerns regarding environmental pollution and requirements\nfor lower fossil fuel consumption have increased interest in alternative hybrid powertrains. As a result,\nthis paper presents a novel hydraulic/electric synergy powertrain with multiple working modes.\nThe three energy sources (i.e., engine, battery, and hydraulic accumulator) in this configuration\nare regulated by a dual planetary gear set to achieve optimal performances. This paper selects\nthe component sizes of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a hydraulic hybrid vehicle (HHV), and a\nhydraulic/electric synergy vehicle (HESV), based on the dynamic performance of a target vehicle\n(TV). In addition, this paper develops the forward simulation models of the four aforementioned\nvehicles in the MATLAB/Simulink/Driveline platform, in which the fuel economy simulations are\ncarried out in relation to the Chinese urban bus cycle. The simulation results show that the fuel\nconsumption of the three hybrid vehicles is similar, but much better than, that of the TV. Finally, based\non the operating cost calculations over a five-year working period, the lowest cost ranges of the three\nhybrid vehicles are determined, which provides a method for choosing the optimal hybrid scheme.
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