In this research, the residual gas, peak firing pressure increase, and effective release energy\nwere completely investigated. To obtain this target, the experimental system is installed with a\ndynamo system and a simulation model was setup. Through combined experimental and simulation\nmethods, the drawbacks of the hardware optimization method were eliminated. The results of the\nresearch show that the valve port diameter-bore ratio (VPD/B) has a significant effect on the residual\ngas, peak firing pressure increase, and effective release energy of a four-stroke spark ignition engine....................
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