This article mainly focuses on the development of Nano particle systems and methods for delivering anti-tubercular drugs directly to the lungs via the respiratory route. The main advantages of inhaled drug delivery include direct drug delivery to the diseased organ, targeting to alveolar macrophages, reduced risk of systemic toxicity and improved patient compliance. Researchers have demonstrated the possibility of various drug delivery systems using lipids, polymers and proteins to serve as inhalable anti-tubercular drug carriers. In recent years, encapsulation of antimicrobial drugs in Nano particle systems has emerged as an innovative and promising alternative that enhances therapeutic effectiveness and minimizes undesirable side effects of the drugs. Beginning with the respiratory delivery of a single anti-tubercular drug, it is now possible to deliver multiple drugs simultaneously with a greater therapeutic efficacy. Several key issues such as patient education, cost of treatment, stability and large scale production of drug formulations, etc. need to be addressed before anti-tubercular inhaled therapy finds its way from theory to clinical reality
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