With the ever-growing number of mobile devices, there is an explosive expansion in mobile\ndata services. This represents a challenge for the traditional cellular network architecture to cope\nwith the massive wireless traffic generated by mobile media applications. To meet this challenge,\nresearch is currently focused on the introduction of a small cell base station (BS) due to its low\ntransmit power consumption and flexibility of deployment. However, due to a complex deployment\nenvironment and low transmit power of small cell BSs, the coverage boundary of small cell BSs will\nnot have a traditional regular shape. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the coverage boundary\nof an ultra-dense small cell network and give its main features: aeolotropy of path loss fading and\nfractal coverage boundary. Simple performance analysis is given, including coverage probability and\ntransmission rate, etc., based on stochastic geometry theory and fractal theory. Finally, we present an\napplication scene and discuss challenges in the ultra-dense small cell network.
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