This study investigates sewage treatment technologies at manned and unmanned converter stations and pumped storage power stations across various regions of China, considering the regional differences in water availability, infrastructure, and ecological conditions. Using a multi-criteria evaluation approach, this study analyzes key factors, such as economic characteristics, technical characteristics, and efficiency, to assess the most suitable sewage treatment solutions. Powered Eco-type Sewage Treatment Units and Powered Underground Units perform best in southern and eastern China, where advanced infrastructure supports high treatment demands. Conversely, Septic Tanks show the lowest performance across all the regions, particularly in remote and water-scarce areas like northeast and northwest China. For pumped storage power stations, AAO+MBR and Multi-stage A/O processes are most effective in regions with high water reuse needs. This study highlights the necessity of region-specific water management strategies and technological upgrades to ensure efficient sewage treatment and sustainable water use across China’s power grid infrastructure.
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