The effects of the random collection and overgrazing on Samawa desert were studied. Terfezia and Artemisia were selected to conduct the study in addition to report overgrazing activity near the collection area. Questionnaire form was prepared then 28 forms were filled from different locations and cities at Almuthanna governorate. The results showed that the collection prosses is completely random and there is no regulation to organize the processes. There are several industrial facilities and archeological sites that could be harmed due to the processes and wastes from the sites may be accumulated through the food chain. Results also showed there are different animals and plants in the area and food chains have been affected by the random collection and overgrazing. The collector’s behavior also impacts the surrounding environment, they are mostly uneducated, unemployed, and not well-trained people. They used primitive tools for collection, generate plastic wastes in the area. On the other hand, overgrazing has an essential impact on the food chain, natural plants, and animals in Samawa desert. In conclusion random collection and overgrazing have many impacts on the natural life in Samawa desert. The local government has to regulate the processes to save the desert environment from the anthropological activity. Some actions are required urgently such as: limited the collected amounts per person, no collection near the histological and industrial areas, and use developed tools for collection to save the soil in the area. The study is very important in the field because it is trying to grab the attention of local government to put strict regulations organizing the collection and grazing.
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