It has become an increased challenge for designers to define the boundaries between the university\nand its surrounding city. The amount of space serving as a nexus between universities and\nurban areas is gradually increasing. This study defines such intermediate spaces as ââ?¬Å?the university-\ncity interfaceââ?¬Âââ?¬â?areas that influence the universityââ?¬â?¢s physical and functional connection to the\nsurrounding city. The research presents comparative case studies of three universities in urban\ncontextsââ?¬â?Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, and UniversitÃ?© Catholique de Louvainââ?¬â?\nby analyzing plazas and boulevards. These representative open spaces provide interfaces for both\nthe university campuses and their surrounding cities. This paper analyzes design elements from\nthe perspective of campus spatial structure, as well as locations and functions, to develop a comparative\nchecklist for plazas and boulevards. The results offer a set of urban design principles for\nuniversity plazas and boulevards that could significantly improve the quality of the university-city\nrelationship. While these checklists and principles may vary depending on circumstances, they\ncan be useful starting points for initializing design processes.
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