The grains of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) are traditionally consumed on a\ndaily basis and are used in the preparation of diverse processed foods owing to the high concentration\nof rutin, an antioxidant compound. However, rutin is highly concentrated in hull and bran, but not\nin edible flour fractions. Rutin-enriched TB flour extracts (TBFEs) were obtained by hydrothermal\ntreatment (autoclaving, boiling, or steaming) and their pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated\nfollowing a single-dose oral administration in rats. The antioxidant and protective activities of the\nextracts against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were investigated after repetitive oral administration of\nTBFEs for 28 days prior to ethanol ingestion. The results demonstrated that rutin-enriched TBFEs\nhad better oral absorption and was retained longer in the bloodstream than native TBFE or standard\nrutin. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and intracellular antioxidant levels increased in ALD\nrats following TBFE treatments, especially following the administration of rutin-enriched TBFEs.\nThe antioxidant activity of TBFEs consequently contributed toward protecting the liver against injury\ncaused by repetitive ethanol administration, as confirmed by analyzing relative liver weight, liver\ninjury markers, lipid peroxidation, and calcium permeability. These results suggest the promising\npotential of TBFEs as antioxidant-enriched functional foods for human health.
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