Background: Combination therapy using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and cilostazol is of unknown\nefficacy for patients with Alzheimerââ?¬â?¢s disease (AD).\nMethods: We explored the therapeutic responses by using a caseââ?¬â??control study, which was conducted in Taiwan.\nWe enrolled 30 participants with stable AD who were receiving cilostazol (50 mg) twice per day as an add-on\ntherapy combined with AChEIs, and 30 participants as controls who were not receiving cilostazol as an add-on\ntherapy. The therapeutic responses were measured using neuropsychological assessments and analyzed in relation\nto cilostazol use, apolipoprotein E genotype, and demographic characteristics. Mini-mental state examination\n(MMSE) and clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (CDR-SB) were administered at the outset of the study and 12\nmonths later. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the therapeutic\nresponse and cilostazol use.\nResults: For the therapeutic indicator of cognition, Cilostazol use (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.17, 95% confidence\ninterval (CI) = 0.03ââ?¬â??0.80), initial CDR-SB score (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.31ââ?¬â??3.72), and initial MMSE score (aOR = 1.41,\n95% CI = 1.11ââ?¬â??1.90), but not age, sex, education, or ApoE Ã?µ4 status, were significantly associated with poor therapeutic\noutcomes. For the therapeutic indicator of global status, no significant association was observed between the\ncovariates and poor therapeutic outcomes.\nConclusions: Cilostazol may reduce the decline of cognitive function in stable AD patients when applied as an\nadd-on therapy.
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