Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate and correlate between the levels of\nvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and aqueous humor in\ncases of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) to stand up on if it can be used as a\nmarker for early detection of such cases. Methods: This observational case\ncontrol study included 60 eyes, divided into 3 groups, group A of 30 eyes presented\nby cataract of different causes (not diabetic patients and no signs of\nNVG) as a control group and group B of 30 eyes with NVG due to different\ncauses, group C of the same eyes in group B but after one month of treatment\nby intravitreal bevacizumab and laser treatment by pan retinal photocoagulation\n(PRP). Serum VEGF was estimated in all groups, also aqueous humor\nVEGF was estimated in group A and B only. In addition glycosylated hemoglobin\n(HbA1c) was estimated in group B; statistical analysis of the results was\nperformed. Results: The study revealed that the commonest cause of NVG\nwas proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 26 cases (86.7%), HbA1c in\ngroup B revealed mean value 7.68% �± 2.75%. Serum VEFG level in the group\nB of cases of NVG was significantly higher than the control group A (P <\n0.001), and moderate significantly lower than group C of treated NVG by\nintravitreal bevacizumab injection and PRP (P < 0.05). Also aqueous VEGF\nlevel in group B was increased significantly from control group A (P < 0.001).\nIn group B, the study reported a positive correlation between serum VEGF\n(S-VEGF) and aqueous humor VEGF (A-VEGF) levels (r = 0.638) with a high\nsignificant result (P < 0.001). Also, there was positive correlation between\nHbA1c and VEGF in serum (r = 0.409) with a moderate significant result (P <\n0.05) But there was no correlation between HbA1c and VEGF in aqueous\nhumor (r = 0.327) with an insignificant result (P > 0.05). Conclusions: VEGF\nis considered a good marker for the NVG either in serum or aqueous humor,\nlaser treatment and the use of anti-VEGF are crucial treatment for such cases, and also glycemic control is a must for regulation of the vascular process in\ndiabetic patients for prevention of such ocular neovascularization.
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