Background. Data on the incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis and use of hormonal contraception (HC) are limited. Methods.\n2,374 sexually active women aged 15ââ?¬â??49 years from cohort surveys in Rakai, Uganda, were included. Incidence of T. vaginalis\nwas estimated per 100 person years (py) and association between HC (DMPA, Norplant, and oral contraceptives) andT. vaginalis\ninfection was assessed by incidence rate ratios (IRR), using Poisson regression models. Results. At baseline, 34.9% had used HC\nin the last 12 months, 12.8% HIV+, 39.7% with high BV-scores (7ââ?¬â??10), and 3.1% syphilis positive. The 12-month incidence of T.\nvaginalis was 2.4/100 py; CI (1.90, 3.25).When stratified by type of HC used, compared to women who did not use HC or condoms,\nincidence of T. vaginalis was significantly higher among users of Norplant (adj.IRR = 3.01, CI: 1.07ââ?¬â??8.49) and significantly lower\namong DMPA users (adj.IRR = 0.55, CI: 0.30, 0.98) and women who discontinued HC use at follow-up (adj.IRR = 0.30, CI: 0.09,\n0.99). HIV infection was associated with an increase in incidence of T. vaginalis (adj.IRR = 2.34, CI: 1.44, 3.78). Conclusions. Use\nof Norplant and being HIV+ significantly increased the risk of T. vaginalis, while use of DMPA and discontinuation of overall HC\nuse were associated with a decreased incidence of T. vaginalis.
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