Diabetes mellitus is the commonest cause of CKD. It is the leading cause of new patients requiring renal replacement therapy,\naccounting for 40%, 34%, and 30% of cases in United States, Germany, and Australia, respectively. Recent studies have shown that\na low-molecular weight protein, cystatin C, freely filtered by the kidneys is a novel biomarker that may be used for detection of\nearly renal dysfunction in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Cystatin C has also been shown to detect cardiovascular disease in\npatients with diabetes and it may also be linked with incident type 2 diabetes in obese patients.We aim to review current evidence\nbased literature on use of cystatin C for early detection of diabetic nephropathy due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes in comparison to\nconventional methods and explore its association with other comorbidities.
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