Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease possible to treat via several different therapeutic approaches. Since the advent of\ninsulin in 1922, type 1 diabetes mellitus has become a chronic treatable disease. Nonetheless, type 1 diabetes mellitus can be a\ndevastating disease when the macro- and microangiopathic complications take place after several years of illness. Starting from\nthe eighties, pancreas/islet transplantation has become a potential innovative treatment of diabetes mellitus. The major advantage\nof pancreas/islet transplantation is the restoration of c-peptide cosecretion along with insulin; the major disadvantage is the\nneed to administer immunosuppressive drugs which are diabetogenic themselves. Islet transplantation is the progenitor of more\nrecent forms of cellular and stem cell therapies which will be reviewed herein. Cellular therapies for diabetes mellitus are still an\nexperimental procedure. Herein we present the actual current achievements and an outlook of close future possible advancements\nin the area of cellular transplantation for the cure of diabetes mellitus.
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