Background: Disease caused by Bacillus anthracis is often accompanied by high mortality primarily due to toxinmediated\ninjury. In the early disease course, anthrax toxins are secreted; thus, antibiotic use is limited to the early stage.\nIn this regard, antibodies against the toxin component, protective antigen (PA), play an important role in protecting\nagainst anthrax. Therefore, we developed PA21, a fully human anti-PA immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody.\nMethods: Combining human Fab was screened from a phage library with human heavy constant regions. Enzymelinked\nimmune sorbent assay, Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation test evaluated the binding ability of\nPA21. Moreover, the affinity and neutralizing activity of the antibody was detected in vitro while the protective\neffectiveness in 60 rats was also examined in vivo.\nResults: The Fischer 344 rats challenged with the lethal toxin can be protected by PA21 at a concentration of 0.067\nmg/kg. All six rats remained alive although PA21 was injected 24 h before the toxin challenge. PA21 did not influence\nthe binding of PA to cell receptors and that of a lethal factor to PA.\nConclusion: The PA21 monoclonal antibody against PA can be used for emergency prophylaxis and anthrax treatment.
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