Purpose. Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a serious late complication of radiotherapy. In vitro studies have demonstrated\nthat pentoxifylline (PTX) has suppressing effects in extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts, while the antifibrotic action of\nPTX alone using clinical dose is yet unexplored. Materials and Methods. We used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and\nhistopathological analysis to evaluate the antifibrotic effects of PTX in a rat model of RILF. Results.Micro-CT findings showed that\nlung density, volume loss, andmediastinal shift are significantly increased at 16 weeks after irradiation. Simultaneously, histological\nanalysis demonstrated thickening of alveolar walls, destruction of alveolar structures, and excessive collagen deposition in the\nirradiated lung. PTX treatment effectively attenuated the fibrotic changes based on both micro-CT and histopathological analyses.\nWestern analysis also revealed increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor- (PAI-) 1 and fibronectin (FN) and PTX treatment\nreduced expression of PAI-1 and FN by restoring protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation but not TGF-
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