Background. The bile infection may already exist before the administration of an interventional procedure, despite no clinical\nmanifestations of cholangitis detected. Blood cultures remained negative even in more than half of the febrile cases with\ncholangitis. Risk factors associated with bacterial growth in bile before the intervention are not well defined. To establish the\nbacterial profiles isolated from the bile samples and to identify risk factors for bacterial colonization in the bile system.\nMethods. Individuals who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) interventions were enrolled.\nBile samples were aspirated and were immediately transferred into a sterile tube for storage. Results. Positive bile cultures were\ndetected in 363 (38.0%) of 956 patients, including 322 benign diseases and 41 malignances. Of 363 positive cases, 351 (96.7%)\nwere monoinfection and 12 (3.3%) multi-infection. Escherichia coli were the most common Gram-negative bacteria (210,\n56.0%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (45, 12.0%). Enterococcus faecalis represented the most common Gram-positive\nmicroorganism (19, 5.07%), while Candida albicans (11, 2.93%) were the dominant fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae were more\nfrequently detected in malignant diseases (P= 0 046). Age, previous ERCP history or OLT history, and CBD diameter were\nindependent risk factors for positive cultures (P<0 05) while preoperative jaundice drug therapy was the protective factor for\nbile infection (P < 0 05). Conclusion. Monomicrobial infection was dominant among all infections, and Klebsiella pneumoniae\nstrains were more frequently isolated from patients with malignant diseases. To effectively manage patients who are at a high\nrisk for bile infection, a detailed diagnosis and treatment plan for each case should be prepared.
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