To systematically measure and compare the stress distribution on the bone around an implant in the anterior maxilla using angled\nabutments by means of finite element analysis, three-dimensional finite element simplified patient-specific models and simplified\nmodels were created and analyzed. Systematically varied angled abutments were simulated, with angulation ranging from0? to 60?.\nThe materials in the current study were assumed to be homogenous, linearly elastic, and isotropic. Force of 100N was applied to\nthe central node on the top surface of the abutments to simulate the occlusal force. To simulate axial and oblique loading, the angle\nof loading was 0?, 15?, and 20? to the long axis of implant, respectively. There was the strong resemblance between the response\ncurves for simplified patient-specific models and simplified models. Response curves under oblique loading were similar in both\nmodels.With abutments angulation increased, maximum vonMises stress firstly decreased to minimum point and then gradually\nincreased to higher level. From a biomechanical point of view, favorable peri-implant stress levels could be induced by angled\nabutments under oblique loading if suitable angulation of abutments was selected.
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