Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after liver and kidney transplantation has high mortality and causes\ndiagnostic challenges. This study aims to describe the cytokine and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile in the\nGVHD after liver and kidney transplantation.\nMethods: A high-throughput detection kit was applied and altogether 18 different cytokines were tested simultaneously.\nGVHD patients included 23 post-liver transplantation patients; 22 post-renal transplantation patients; The\ncontrol patients include 22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients without transplantation and 20 healthy controls.\nTheir HLA characters were compared.\nResults: The full spectrum of cytokines was present. The inflammatory markers were activated significantly in liver\ntransplantation. The level of inflammatory markers in liver transplantation was higher than that in renal transplantation,\nHCC or healthy controls. GVHD was associated with the HLA characters; HLA characters are involved in liver\nGVHD occurrence and act as risk factors.\nConclusion: Our findings confirmed that the inflammatory cytokines play a pathogenic role in GVHD and can be\nused as early diagnostic markers. The HLA mismatch acts as a risk factor in liver transplantation to predict GVHD\noccurrence.
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