Background: Peri-implantitis has gained significant clinical attention in recent years. This disease is an inflammatory\nreaction to microorganisms around dental implants. Due to the limited accessibility, non-invasive antimicrobial strategies\nare of high interest. An unexpected approach to implant disinfection may evolve from electrolysis. Given the electrical\nconductivity of titanium implants, alkalinity or active oxidants can be generated in body fluids. We investigated the use of\ndental titanium implants as electrodes for the local generation of disinfectants. Our hypothesis was that electrolysis can\nreduce viable counts of adhering bacteria, and that this reduction should be greater if active oxidative species are\ngenerated.\nMethodology/Principal Findings: As model systems, dental implants, covered with a mono-species biofilm of Escherichia\ncoli C43, were placed in photographic gelatin prepared with physiological saline. Implants were treated by a continuous\ncurrent of 0 - 10 mA for 15 minutes. The reduction of viable counts was investigated on cathodes and anodes. In separate\nexperiments, the local change in pH was visualized using color indicators embedded in the gelatin. Oxidative species were\nqualitatively detected by potassium iodide-starch paper. The in situ generated alkaline environment around cathodic\nimplants caused a reduction of up to 2 orders of magnitude in viable E. coli counts. On anodic implants, in contrast to\ncathodic counterparts, oxidative species were detected. Here, a current of merely 7.5 mA caused complete kill of the\nbacteria.\nConclusions/Significance: This laboratory study shows that electrochemical treatment may provide access to a new way to\ndecontaminate dental implants in situ.
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