Replacement surgery of hip joint consists of the substitution of the joint with an implant\nable to recreate the articulation functionality. This article aims to review the current state of the art\nof the biomaterials used for hip implants. Hip implants can be realized with different combination\nof materials, such as metals, ceramics and polymers. In this review, we analyze, from international\nliterature, the specific characteristics required for biomaterials used in hip joint arthroplasty, i.e.,\nbeing biocompatible, resisting heavy stress, opposing low frictional forces to sliding and having a\nlow wear rate. A commentary on the evolution and actual existing hip prostheses is proposed. We\nanalyzed the scientific literature, collecting information on the material behavior and the\nhuman-body response to it. Particular attention has been given to the tribological behavior of the\nbiomaterials, as friction and wear have been key aspects to improve as hip implants evolve. After\nmore than 50 years of evolution, in term of designs and materials, the actual wear rate of the most\ncommon implants is low, allowing us to sensibly reduce the risk related to the widespread debris\ndistribution in the human body.
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