Most heart diseases are associated with and reflected by the sounds that the heart\nproduces. Heart auscultation, defined as listening to the heart sound, has been a very\nimportant method for the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction. Traditional auscultation\nrequires substantial clinical experience and good listening skills. The emergence\nof the electronic stethoscope has paved the way for a new field of computer-aided\nauscultation. This article provides an in-depth study of (1) the electronic stethoscope\ntechnology, and (2) the methodology for diagnosis of cardiac disorders based on\ncomputer-aided auscultation. The paper is based on a comprehensive review of (1) literature\narticles, (2) market (state-of-the-art) products, and (3) smartphone stethoscope\napps. It covers in depth every key component of the computer-aided system with electronic\nstethoscope, from sensor design, front-end circuitry, denoising algorithm, heart\nsound segmentation, to the final machine learning techniques. Our intent is to provide\nan informative and illustrative presentation of the electronic stethoscope, which is\nvaluable and beneficial to academics, researchers and engineers in the technical field,\nas well as to medical professionals to facilitate its use clinically. The paper provides the\ntechnological and medical basis for the development and commercialization of a realtime\nintegrated heart sound detection, acquisition and quantification system
Loading....