Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and respiratory diseases are the third cause of death in industrialized countries;\nfor this reason the airways and cardiopulmonary system have been the focus of extensive investigation, in particular of the new\nemerging branch of regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated multipotent\nadult cells that naturally reside within the human body, which can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic\nlineages when cultured in specific inducing media. MSCs have the ability to migrate and engraft at sites of inflammation and\ninjury in response to cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors at a wound site and they can exert local reparative effects\nthrough transdifferentiation and differentiation into specific cell types or via the paracrine secretion of soluble factors with antiinflammatory\nand wound-healing activities. Experimental and clinical evidence exists regarding MSCs efficacy in airway defects\nrestoration; although clinical MSCs use, in the daily practice, is not yet completely reached for airway diseases, we can argue that\nMSCs do not represent any more merely an experimental approach to airway tissue defects restoration but they can be considered\nas a ââ?¬Å?salvageââ?¬Â therapeutic tool in very selected patients and diseases.
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