Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis and can develop multiple organ injuries including kidney and urinary tract\r\ninvolvement. These disorders include pyuria, prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI), renal AKI caused by tubulointerstitial nephritis\r\n(TIN), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and immune-complex mediated nephropathy, renal AKI associated with either\r\nKawasaki disease shock syndrome or unknown causes, acute nephritic syndrome (ANS), nephrotic syndrome (NS), renal tubular\r\nabnormalities, renal abnormalities in imaging studies, and renal artery lesions (aneurysms and stenosis). Pyuria is common in\r\nKD and originates from the urethra and/or the kidney. TIN with AKI and renal tubular abnormalities probably result from renal\r\nparenchymal inflammation caused by T-cell activation. HUS and renal artery lesions are caused by vascular endothelial injuries\r\nresulting fromvasculitis. Some patients with ANS have immunological abnormalities associated with immune-complex formation.\r\nNephromegaly and renal parenchymal inflammatory foci are detected frequently in patients with KD by renal ultrasonography and\r\nrenal scintigraphy, respectively. Although the precise pathogenesis of KD is not completely understood, renal vasculitis, immunecomplex\r\nmediated kidney injuries, or T-cell immune-regulatory abnormalities have been proposed as possible mechanisms for the\r\ndevelopment of kidney and urinary tract injuries.
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