Conventional drug delivery systems have slight control over their drug release and almost have no control over the effective concentration at the specific target site. This kind of dosing pattern may result in constantly changing and unpredictable plasma concentrations. Drugs can be delivered in a controlled pattern over a long period of time by the controlled or modified release drug delivery systems. They include dosage forms for oral and transdermal administration, as well as injectable and implantable systems. For most of the drugs, oral route remains as the most acceptable route of administration. Certain molecules may have low oral bioavailability because of their solubility or permeability limitations. Development of an extended release dosage form also requires reasonable absorption throughout the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Among the available techniques for improvement of the bioavailability of these drugs, fabrication of osmotic drug delivery system is the most appropriate technique. Osmotic drug delivery systems release the drug with the zero order kinetics which does not depend on the initial concentration and the physiological factors of GIT. This review brings out new technologies, fabrication and recent clinical research carried out in osmotic drug delivery systems.
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