Oseltamivir (OA), an ethyl ester prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), is clinically used as a potent and selective inhibitor of\nneuraminidase. Chinese medicines have been advocated to combine with conventional drug for avian influenza. The current study\naims to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of a Chinese medicine formula, namely,\nYin Qiao San and Sang Ju Yin (CMF1), commonly used for anti-influenza in combination with OA in both rat and human, and\nto reveal the underlined mechanisms. It was found that although ????max, AUC and urinary recovery of OC, as well as metabolic\nratio (AUCOC/AUCOA), were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner following combination use of CMF1 and OA in\nrat studies (P < 0.01), such coadministration in 14 healthy volunteers only resulted in a trend of minor decrease in the related\nparameters. Further mechanistic studies found that although CMF1 could reduce absorption and metabolism of OA, it appears to\nenhance viral inhibition of OA (P < 0.01). In summary, although there was potential interaction between OA and CMF1 found\nin rat studies, its clinical impact was expected to be minimal.The coadministration of OA and CMF1 at the clinical recommended\ndosages is, therefore, considered to be safe.
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