Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disease. Although thionamide antithyroid drugs are the cornerstone of hyperthyroidism\ntreatment, some patients cannot tolerate this drug class because of its serious side effects including agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity,\nand vasculitis. Therefore, nonthionamide antithyroid drugs (NTADs) still have an important role in controlling hyperthyroidism in\nclinical practice. Furthermore, some situations such as thyroid storm or preoperative preparation require a rapid decrease in\nthyroid hormone by combination treatment with multiple classes of antithyroid drugs. NTADs include iodine-containing\ncompounds, lithium carbonate, perchlorate, glucocorticoid, and cholestyramine. In this narrative review, we summarize the\nmechanisms of action, indications, dosages, and side effects of currently used NTADs for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. In\naddition, we also describe the state-of-the-art in future drugs under development including rituximab, small-molecule ligands\n(SMLs), and monoclonal antibodies with a thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antagonist effect.
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