Infectious diseases continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and\nalthough efficacious vaccines are available for many diseases, some parenteral vaccines elicit little\nor no mucosal antibodies which can be a significant problem since mucosal tissue is the point of\nentry for 90% of pathogens. In order to provide protection for both serum and mucosal areas, we\nhave tested a combinatorial approach of both parenteral and oral administration of antigens for\ndiseases caused by a viral pathogen, Hepatitis B, and a fungal pathogen, Coccidioides. We\ndemonstrate that co-administration by the parenteral and oral routes is a useful tool to increase the\noverall immune response. This can include achieving an immune response in tissues that are not\nelicited when using only one route of administration, providing a higher level of response that can\nlead to fewer required doses or possibly providing a better response for individuals that are\nconsidered poor or non-responders.
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