The purpose of this study was to investigate the primary mode of action of Cistus ladaniferus essential\noil active fractions on Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC6538P (CIP 53.156). The mode of\ninhibition of the active fractions was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration\n(MIC). The effects of time on cell integrity were determined by time-kill, bacteriolysis and\nloss of 260 and 280-nm-absorbing material assays. Measurement of intra- and extracellular ATP\nwas used to evaluate the energy remaining in the cells after treatment. A bacteriostatic and a bactericidal\nmode of inhibition were established respectively for acetate and alcohol fractions at their\nMIC. No intracellular material leakage and no lysis occurred after treatments with these fractions.\nIn both cases, we observed a decrease of the ATP level within S. aureus cells whilst there was no\nproportional increase outside the cells. However, the effects induced by alcohols are more pronounced\nthan those provoked by acetates. Indeed, marked structural changes were observed by\ntransmission electron microscopy (TEM). The septal material of cells undergoing division became\nthicker and stained more lightly. The proportion of septa is also markedly increased and defective\nwith respect to placement. These observations suggest a blocking in cell division, probably caused\nby the inhibition of ATPase or a disturbance in proton motrice force by the hydrophobic molecules\nviridiflorol and ledol, mainly present in alcohol fraction.
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