There is an urgent need for early diagnosis in medicine, whereupon effective treatments could prevent irreversible tissue damage.\r\nThe special structure of the eye provides a unique opportunity for noninvasive light-based imaging of ocular fundus vasculature.\r\nTo detect endothelial injury at the early and reversible stage of adhesion molecule upregulation, some novel imaging agents\r\nthat target retinal endothelial molecules were generated. In vivo molecular imaging has a great potential to impact medicine by\r\ndetecting diseases or screening disease in early stages, identifying extent of disease, selecting disease and patient-specific therapeutic\r\ntreatment, applying a directed or targeted therapy, and measuring molecular-specific effects of treatment. Current preclinical\r\nfindings and advances in instrumentation such as endoscopes and microcatheters suggest that these molecular imaging modalities\r\nhave numerous clinical applications and will be translated into clinical use in the near future.
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