In Europe, the second half of the 19th century led to development of pharmacological research. With the emergence of synthetic chemistry, the pharmacological evaluation of these products for therapeutic indications became necessary. In late 1960s due to phenomenal increase in the number and variety of immunodiagnostic tests performed. Hence it became one of the reasons for the development of methods which used labelled antigens or antibodies, resulting in tests with very high levels of sensitivity and specificity eg. Immunofluorescence and Radioimmunoassay(RIA). However, both immunofluorescence and RIA have their limitations of being, time consuming, some regulatory inconvenience due to health hazards of radioisotopes, problems of radioactive waste disposal and also the complex labeling procedures which led to research workers to search for alternative for pharmacological immunoassay. Development of modern methods of pharmacological immunoassays like Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT), Magnetic immunoassay (MIA) etc., gives accurate, easy to use, and rapid diagnostic tool and thereby helpful in betterment of mankind.
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