The objective of the PHAR-QA (Quality assurance in European pharmacy education and\ntraining) project was to investigate how competence-based learning could be applied to a healthcare,\nsectoral profession such as pharmacy. This is the first study on evaluation of competences from the\npharmacistsââ?¬â?¢ perspective using an improved Delphi method with a large number of respondents from\nall over Europe. This paper looks at the way in which hospital pharmacists rank the fundamental\ncompetences for pharmacy practice. European hospital pharmacists (n = 152) ranked 68 competences\nfor pharmacy practice of two types (personal and patient care), arranged into 13 clusters. Results\nwere compared to those obtained from community pharmacists (n = 258). Generally, hospital and\ncommunity pharmacists rank competences in a similar way. Nevertheless, differences can be detected.\nThe higher focus of hospital pharmacists on knowledge of the different areas of science as well as on\nlaboratory tests reflects the idea of a hospital pharmacy specialisation. The difference is also visible in\nthe field of drug production. This is a necessary competence in hospitals with requests for drugs for rare diseases, as well as paediatric and oncologic drugs. Hospital pharmacists give entrepreneurship\na lower score, but cost-effectiveness a higher one than community pharmacists. This reflects the\nreality of pharmacy practice where community pharmacists have to act as entrepreneurs, and hospital\npharmacists are managers staying within drug budgets. The results are discussed in the light of a\nââ?¬Å?hospital pharmacyââ?¬Â specialisation.
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