With the changes in the Bologna process and the European directive on sectoral\r\nprofessions, the education and training of the pharmacists in the European Higher Education\r\nArea is moving towards a quality system based on competences. In this paper we analyze\r\nthe existing quality assurance and accreditation systems in 10 countries and examine how\r\nfar these systems have evolved from a resources and curriculum basis towards a\r\ncompetences basis. This is the first step towards the goal of the PHAR-QA project: establishment\r\nof a European quality assurance system based on competences. Existing systems of quality\r\nassurance for pharmacy education and teaching are based mainly on resources and\r\nmanagement not competences. Furthermore, they are national, obligatory, and do not\r\nrecognize all the current activities of the pharmacists. The PHAR-QA system that will be\r\ndeveloped by the consortium of the same name will be based on competences; it will be\r\nEuropean, consultative, and will encompass pharmacy practice in a wide sense.
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