Five well-known azimuth angle estimation methods using a single acoustic vector sensor (AVS) are investigated in open-lake\nexperiments. A single AVS can measure both the acoustic pressure and acoustic particle velocity at a signal point in space and\noutput multichannel signals. The azimuth angle of one source can be estimated by using a single AVS in a passive sonar system.\nOpen-lake experiments are carried out to evaluate how these different techniques perform in estimating azimuth angle of a\nsource. The AVS that was applied in these open-lake experiments is a two-dimensional accelerometer structure sensor. It\nconsists of two identical uniaxial velocity sensors in orthogonal orientations, plus a pressure sensorââ?¬â?all in spatial collocation.\nThese experimental results indicate that all these methods can effectively realize the azimuth angle estimation using only one\nAVS. The results presented in this paper reveal that AVS can be applied in a wider range of application in distributed\nunderwater acoustic systems for passive detection, localization, classification, and so on.
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