To analyse the characteristics of utterances in Japanese novels, several attributes (e.g., the speaker, listener, relationship between\nthe speaker and listener, and gender of the speaker) were added to a randomly extracted Japanese novel corpus. A total of 887\ndata sets, with 5632 annotated utterances, were prepared. Based on the attribute annotated utterance corpus, the characteristics\nof utterance styles were extracted quantitatively. A chi-square test was used for particles and auxiliary verbs to extract utterance\ncharacteristics which reflected the genders of and relationships between the speakers and listeners. Results revealed that the use\nof imperative words was higher among male characters than their female counterparts, who used more particle verbs, and that\nauxiliaries of politeness were used more frequently for â??coworkersâ?? and â??superior authoritiesâ??. In addition, utterances varied between\nclose and intimate relationships between the speaker and listener.Moreover, repeated factor analyses for 7576 data sets in BCCWJ\nspeaker information corpus revealed ten typical utterance styles (neutral, frank, dialect, polite, feminine, crude, aged, interrogative,\napproval, and dandy). The factor scores indicated relationships between various utterance styles and fundamental attributes of\nspeakers. Thus, results of this study would be utilisable in speaker identification tasks, automatic speech generation tasks, and\nscientific interpretation of stories and characters.
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