Meniscus injuries are very common and still pose a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon.Meniscus injuries in the inner two-thirds\nof themeniscus remain incurable.Tissue-engineered meniscus strategies seemto offer a newapproach for treating meniscus injuries\nwith a combination of seed cells, scaffolds, and biochemical or biomechanical stimulation. Cell- or scaffold-based strategies play\na pivotal role in meniscus regeneration. Similarly, biochemical and biomechanical stimulation are also important. Seed cells and\nscaffolds can be used to construct a tissue-engineered tissue; however, stimulation to enhance tissue maturation and remodeling\nis still needed. Such stimulation can be biomechanical or biochemical, but this review focuses only on biochemical stimulation.\nGrowth factors (GFs) are one of the most important forms of biochemical stimulation. Frequently used GFs always play a critical\nrole in normal limb development and growth. Further understanding of the functional mechanism of GFs will help scientists to\ndesign the best therapy strategies. In this review, we summarize some of the most important GFs in tissue-engineered menisci, as\nwell as other types of biological stimulation.
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