This paper was focused on the investigation of a forward osmosis- (FO-) reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid process to cotreat seawater\nand impaired water from steel industry. By using this hybrid process, seawater can be diluted before desalination, hence reducing\nthe energy cost of desalination, and simultaneously contaminants present in the impaired water are prevented from migrating into\nthe product water through the FO and RO membranes. The main objective of this work was to investigate on pilot-scale system the\nperformance of the combined FO pretreatment and RO desalination hybrid system and specifically its effects on membrane fouling\nand overall solute rejection. Firstly, optimization of the pilot-scale FO process to obtain the most suitable and stable operating\nconditions for practical application was investigated. Secondly, pilot-scale RO process performance as a posttreatment to FO\nprocess was evaluated in terms of water flux and rejection.The results indicated that the salinity of seawater reduced from35000 to\n13000mg/L after 3 hrs using FOsystem, while after 6 hrs it approached 10000mg/L. Finally, FO/ROsystemwas tested on continuous\noperation for 15 hrs and it was demonstrated that no pollutant was detected neither in draw solution nor in RO permeate after the\nend of operating time.
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