Dehydration of sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has recently been under intensive study by a multitude of research\r\ngroups. On the other hand, when lignocellulosic biomass is applied as the starting material, very few studies can be found in the\r\nopen literature. The direct synthesis of HMF, in line with the idea of ââ?¬Å?one-potââ?¬Â synthesis strategy from lignocellulose, is demanding\r\nsince the overall process should encompass dissolution, hydrolysis, and dehydration steps in a single processing unit. Ionic liquidassisted\r\nmethods to produce hydroxymethyl-furfural directly from lignocellulosic biomass are reported here together with a short\r\noverview of the most important biofuels. In reality, HMF is not suitable to be used as a single-component fuel as such, and,\r\nconsequently, methods to produce HMF derivatives suitable as liquid fuels are reported.
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