As the global atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases continue to grow to record-setting levels,\r\nso do the demands for an efficient and inexpensive carbon sequestration system. Concurrently, the first-world dependence on\r\ncrude oil and natural gas provokes concerns for long-term availability and emphasizes the need for alternative fuel sources. At the\r\nforefront of both of these research areas are a family of enzymes known as the carbonic anhydrases (CAs), which reversibly catalyze\r\nthe hydration of CO2 into bicarbonate. CAs are among the fastest enzymes known, which have a maximum catalytic efficiency\r\napproaching the diffusion limit of 108M-1s-1. As such, CAs are being utilized in various industrial and research settings to help\r\nlower CO2 atmospheric emissions and promote biofuel production.This review will highlight some of the recent accomplishments\r\nin these areas along with a discussion on their current limitations
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